Analysis Of The California Reentry Institute ( Cri )

I had the honor to have a face to face interview with Collette Carroll. Collette is part of a team of the California Reentry Institute (CRI) which is a pre and post releases program those offenders within the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation which is located in San Quentin State Prison. The California reentry program was developed in 2008; the Department of Correction realized offenders being released from prison should have the opportunity to attend a pre and post release program. The reentry program is a volunteer program to the offenders. The pre-release program is an 18-24 month weekly program ran by an experienced team with strong curriculum which is designed to provide insight, life skill, education and a comprehensive individual case management. The post release is provided once the offender has graduated from prerelease program and the offender is released from prison. The post release program the offender receives assistance with basic needs such as tr ansportation, clothing amenities, food, financial resources, documentation (ID), health care, life skills addiction and recovers aftercare and continued individual case management. The California reentry program held is first graduation ceremony on January 17, 2014 after 27 months of programs and individual case management. In May of 2015 CRI started the new two year class which consist of more offenders due to more offenders are qualifying for the reentry program. Collette stated her career

Use Of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy And Treatment Of Ana

In this paper, I will discuss the case study of â€Å"Ana†. Ana is 24 years old, has lost her job, and worries about becoming homeless. She currently is a single parent due to her husband being deployed in a combat zone overseas for the next eight months. Ana is a first generation immigrant from Guatemala; she comes from a large family. She claims to have a close relationship with her family but has not seen her family for about a year. Her father is a banker and her mother an educator, her three siblings all has graduated college and have professional careers. Ana has completed one year of college, but needed to leave school after her son was born, finding it difficult to manage being a parent, student and a full-time employee as well. While†¦show more content†¦Why did you choose this theory over the others? CBT was not directly a choice of possible theories. CBT is a more in-depth view of the broader theories of Cognitive therapy. While being a bit of a twist on words, CBT is often includes and studied as part of Cognitive therapy and Reality Theory. Because so many studies often overlap and show its effectiveness, it is believed that though CBT is a standalone therapy, there is a broader scope that includes Cognitive and Reality therapies as part of CBT. â€Å"CBT can substantially reduce the symptoms of many emotional disorders – clinical trials have shown this. In the short term, it’s just as good as drug therapies at treating depression and anxiety disorders. And the benefits may last longer.† (Martin 2013) What will be the goals of counseling and what intervention strategies are used to accomplish those goals? CBT is designed to help the client better understand what is going on. We function by what Beck described as Automatic Thoughts. â€Å"He invented the term automatic thoughts to describe emotion-filled thoughts that might pop up in the mind. Beck found that people weren’t always fully aware of such thoughts, but could learn to identify and report them.† (Martin 2013) While CBT can help in many different ways, a client’s thought process is perhaps its most important focus. With Ana feeling as stressed as she is about her husband being deployed, her lack of speaking with her family for the past year and her fearsShow MoreRelatedCase Study : Rational Emotive Behavior Essay1096 Words   |  5 Pagesthe case study. The theory will help the counselor to determine which treatment will fit best for the case study. The theory that will be used in this case study is Rational Emotive Behavior. The theory will help with depression and anxiety. Client will be able to have rational belief in their daily life. The concept of the theory that makes it the most appropriate for the client in the case study is Rational Emotive Behavioral. 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Psycho Dynamic Theories Free Essays

Psychodynamic Theory: â€Å"Fathers Influence on Children’s Development† Jeff Santiago California State University, Fresno Human Behavior in the Social Environment: A Multi-Systems Approach Social Work 212 Dr. Kris Clarke October 15, 2012 Psychodynamic Theory: â€Å"Fathers Influence on Children’s Development† Psychodynamic Theory Understanding the significance of the father’s role and their influences on children’s development has been at the forefront of empirical research over the last ten years. Numerous studies have enriched empirical literature regarding the father’s influence on children’s development. We will write a custom essay sample on Psycho Dynamic Theories or any similar topic only for you Order Now Theorists have reestablished the conceptual framework in outlining the significance to elicit father’s influence on children’s development (Zacker, 1978). In this paper I will examine the Psychodynamic theory and show the relevance, and applicability to Father’s role in child development. (Kriston, Holzel, Harter, 2009) indicated that long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (LTPP) is more effective than shorter forms of psychotherapy. Therefore, conceptualizing the framework of the psychodynamic theory and the impact it has on the father’s role on child development is critical in understanding its relevance. The review of theory is followed by discussion and the direct correlation to father’s role on child development. Historically, there has been limited empirical research on psychodynamic theory. Psychodynamic outcome research is underrepresented in the empirical literature and much of psychodynamic research is process-oriented rather than outcome-oriented (Brandell, 2005). The psychodynamic theory can be challenging to conceptualize, due to its dual implications. (Brandell, 2005) states that psychodynamic models are complex to evaluate, in part because they are concerned with meaning as well as behavior change, and consequently psychodynamic practice has become less well understood and less often practiced. However, understanding psychodynamic theory and how the inner energies are what motivate, dominate, and control people’s behavior, re based in past experience and present reality. According to (Berzoff, Flanagan, Hertz, 2002) clinical knowledge grounded in psychodynamic theory is one of the most powerful ways we have in looking inside someone’s heart and mind, and without it, we are almost blind, limited to the surface. Understanding the internal psychological factors, and how they are interwoven with external factors such as culture, gender, race, class, and biology help us understand the intricate complexities of an individual. From this perspective, we study how the outside develops a person psychologically, and in turn, how the inner world shapes a person’s outer reality. Internal life is intellectualized within biological and social contexts. What is inside and outside an individual comes to be metabolized as psychological strengths and disturbances (Berzoff et al. , 2002). Through the lenses of psychodynamic theory, it accounts for the forces of love or hate, sexuality, and aggression, which express themselves differently in each individual, and ultimately shape how each individual functions and develops. According to (Berzoff et al. , 2002) Freud viewed humans as inhuman in their nature, fueled by forces, fantasies, longings, and passions beyond their control. Many psychological issues develop when forces in the mind oppose drives. Mental activity derives from the id, the ego, and superego, each having unique functions. Although despite having these unique functions, they frequently conflict with one another (Berzoff et al. , 2002). So, psychodynamic theory involves interactions between different parts of the mind, between childhood, and adult events. Moreover, psychodynamic theory examines deep underlying issues involving the unconscious elements in interactions between individuals, where emotion is a primary focus. According to (Jarvis, 2004) psychodynamic theory emphasizes particular childhood events, ranging from sexual abuse to successful formation of an infant-primary care attachment. The significance of early relationships of our social-emotional development is profoundly affected by the quality of relationships we experience. Psychodynamic and Father’s Role on Child Development The psychodynamic theory reinforces the direct correlation to the father’s role on child development. In Freudian theory, the father is seen with particular importance related to child development (Jarvis, 2004). The psychodynamic approach assumes we are influenced in some way by mental processes by which we are not normally aware. Furthermore, there exists continuity between childhood and adult experience. According to (Jarvis, 2004, p. ) many characteristics of the adult personality, both normal and abnormal, can be traced to childhood experience. Consequently, the historical framework of the psychodynamic theory clearly identifies the importance of early relationships, especially father’s role on child development. There is an importance of early relationships, and the psychological significance of subjective experience and unconscious mental processes (Jarvis, 2004). The psychodynamic theory reiterates that children benefit from male contributions to children’s early experiences. The relevance from the psychodynamic theory, significantly impacts the direct correlation of father’s role in child development. Father’s have significant influences on adjustment, and become increasingly important as offspring move into adulthood. (Jarvis, 2004) states several contributors illustrate historical, cultural, and family ideologies inform the roles fathers play, and undoubtedly shape the absolute amounts of time fathers spend with their children, the activities they share with them, and perhaps even the quality of relationships between fathers and children. The framework of the psychodynamic theory reinforces that fathers frequently play a number of roles that include: companions, care providers, spouses, protectors, models, moral guides, teachers, and breadwinners. According to (Brandell, 2005) children with highly involved fathers were characterized by increased cognitive competence, increased empathy, fewer sex-stereotyped beliefs, and a more internal locus of control. One can speculate the benefits obtained by children with highly involved fathers. Furthermore, the empirical literature review reinforces the impact of father’s role upon child development from the psychodynamic theory. Sensitive fathering that includes: responding, talking, supporting, teaching, and encouraging their children to learn, predicts children’s socio-emotional, cognitive, and linguistic achievements (Jarvis, 2004). By outlining how the id, ego, and superego have independent functions, yet in spite of the functions, have repeated conflict with one another impacted by the father’s influence upon child development. As mentioned earlier, the psychodynamic theory reinforces profound significance of early childhood relationships. References Ashford, J. B. , LeCroy, C. W. (2010). Human Behavior in the Social Environment A Multidimensional Perspective (4th ed. ). Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning: Author. Berzoff, J. , Flanagan, L. M. , Hertz, P. (2002). Inside Out and Outside In. Retrieved from GOOGLE ebookstore Brandell, J. R. (2005). Psychodynamic Social Work. Columbia University Press: Columbia University. Grainger, S. (2004). Family Background and Female Sexual Behavior. Human Nature, 15(2), 133-145. Jarvis, M. (2004). Psychodynamic Psychology: Classic Theory and Contemporary Research. Retrieved from GOOGLE ebookstore Kriston, L. , Holzel, L. , Harter, M. (2009, March 4). Analyzing Effectiveness of Long-term Psychodynamic Psyotherapy. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 301(9), 930-933. http://dx. doi. org/10. 100/jama. 2009. 178 Zacker, J. (1978). Parents as Change Agents: A Psychodynamic Model. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 32:4, 572-582. Retrieved from How to cite Psycho Dynamic Theories, Essay examples

Benefit of ERP System Implementation - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about theBenefit of ERP System Implementation. Answer: Introduction ERPs systems were once considered as the expensive systems that were used by the worlds big organizations that have huge IT budget however the trend is changing very fast. Now, the ERPs systems have become relatively cheap due to the advent of cloud computing, modularization where organizations does not has to buy the complete ERP systems infrastructure but they can use the platform and database by various cloud providers. Also, this is the era of digitalization, globalization and massive competition (Bernaert Poels, 2014). Due to massive competition, organizations are struggling to cut their costs and improve the bottom-line. ERP systems are known to optimize and streamline the complete business processes of the organization and thus reduce costs. Also, due to globalization, the operations of the companies has become complex, suppliers and customers are located across the world, lead time of material has become very high and thus efficient IT systems are become indispensable for mo st of the organizations because traditional approach of maintaining data in silos is highly inefficient when the scale of operations are vast and huge (Powell Riezebos, 2013). SAP and Oracle are the leaders in ERP products and there are many other vendors also. Once the company purchases ERP, it is not like that automatically their IT costs will come down; efficient ERP implementation is also needed. This is the reason that there are numerous companies that are reaping benefits of same ERP while there are also no dearths of companies that have failed with the EPR implementation and incurred the huge costs. GE, Emerson Electric, Schneider Electric, Philips have very good results after implementing ERP (Sar, Garg, 2012). On the other hand, there are case studies like Big brands Nike, FoxMeyer drug, Waste management that suffered huge losses after implementing ERP (Soh, Sia, 2004). This raises important questions that there must be something that differentiates the successful implem entation from the poor implementation. The purpose of this report is to looks at the various factors that contribute to the realization of benefits by the organizations and help them to reap the greater benefits of ERP implementation. This process will review the various literatures that are available and critically deep dive into them to understand what is it that is needed to achieve greater benefits. Also, this report will also study the case of one medium scale company in Ethiopia called Mesfine Industrial Engineering (MIE) Pvt. Ltd. that have implemented their ERP systems successfully and the case of another ERP implementation by French Multinational whose implementation for Chinese subsidiaries was on the verge of failure. These cases will bring out the contrasts between the activities and provide the deeper analysis why one company is having good experience and another bad experience with the same ERP product. It is expected that this report would help to understand and analyze the various intricacies involved in the implementation process of ERP. Analysis ERP selection is just one step of the entire process. Once the ERP is selected, there are numerous other important steps like selection of appropriate consulting partner like Accenture, Deloitte consulting, carving out of business processes, restricting the number of customizations, effective testing strategy, effective training strategy, appropriate Go-live strategy, like Phase wise or big bang, managing users resistance for new technology, change management and so on. All these factors have the potential of making or breaking the overall value and benefits that will be realized after ERP implementation. Some of the critical factors are as follows: Selection of ERP implementation partner There are numerous consulting companies that will help the organization to implement the ERP. Basically, these consulting companies have complete knowledge of the ERP product and if any of the process of organization is not supported by the ERP, these consulting companies assist the company in finding workaround like change in business process or designing customization. It is very important that organization should choose the correct ERP partner and must considered its past credentials also and cost should not be the sole criteria because the benefits of successful implementation will far outweigh the cost at this point (Aldammas, Al-Mudimigh, 2011). Also, good ERP consultants will definitely optimize the business processes and also ensure that this transformative journey of enterprise to ERP systems should be turbulence free. There are companies like Accenture, Cognizant business solution, Capgemini, Ernst Young, Deloitte that are very good credentials in implementing the ERP. In the case study also, MIE consider many things like success/failure ratio of vendor, history, financial situations, and experience in similar type of Industry and quality of consultants and finalized Syscorp. This was the first building block of successful implementation. Localized requirements With Globalization, organizations are working across borders and each country has their own policies, rules and compliances that each organization operating in that country has to abide by. These local policies and requirements are known as localized requirements. ERP systems are standard systems that do not cater to the local requirements and hence there can be the possibilities that ERP systems are not fulfilling the entire requirement of a particular geography (Chung, Ahmad, Tand, 2015). In such cases, workarounds should be dealt with in an effective manner. While implementing ERP for china business unit, French multinational faced the same challenge. For example, after the ERP implementation, it was found that there are 64 workarounds and deviations. Though some of them are harmless, some are critical and can affect the accuracy of the data and the companys overall financial health. Chinese subsidiary is using another Chinese tax system and that information is completely missing from the ERP systems. Due to limited functionality of ERP, there was no other processes however it was decided by the management all the spreadsheet should be uploaded into ERP systems to ensure that data should also be part of ERP systems (Su Yang, 2010). In some cases, it was also found that users are manipulating systems to keep them in good books of management and not feeding the actual data to ERP. In some cases, they are just using ERP for the sake of doing it and in parallel using Microsoft excel to keep the track (Vieru, 2015). Thus, once these mismatches and localized requirements were identified, it is very important to resolve them using proper methodology either by defining formal process so that it become business process or by customization. Clear Bifurcation of Project in project phases and entry and exit criteria of each phase ERP implementation projects are very big projects and thus it is very important to split them into various phases with the goals and deliverables of each phase (Conteh, Akhtar, 2015). Unless this is not, implementation will not be successful. MIE divide the ERP implementation project into seven phases and each phase is having the start date and end date. Besides, each phase has clear cut goals and objectives, entry and exit criteria and designed so that the overall transformation journey will be turbulence free and no one will feel a sudden change. Doing various phases, testing and user training were also included so that users also get used to new system and their resistance levels should come down during actual go live and their acceptance level should increase (Cereola Wier, 2012). Minimizing Customizations ERPs products come loaded with standard business processes however each business is different and may have different requirement which is not directly supported by the standard ERP systems. In such cases, either customization has to be build or change in business process should be advised. While business users will prefer to have customization because they are in their comfort zone of following the traditional business processes and resist any change but there are huge downsides of customizations. Customizations are quite expensive and require extra maintenance (Beatty, williams, 2006). Also, during upgrade of ERP systems, customizations may get lost and thus needs to be build again which increases the cost for the organizations. It is the role of business consultants to educate the business users about the downside of customization and advice customization only when it is absolutely necessary or change in business process seems impossible (Dittrich, Vaucouleur, Giff, 2009). Also, if the particular business process is the core competency of the organization and separating itself from competitors, such processes should also be preserved using customization. However, it must be ensured that total number of customization should not exceed for more than 15% of the business processes else the ERP systems have risk of becoming unstable and become quite expensive to maintain and require continuous IT support (Light, 2001). Take example of French multinational, many of the business processes were not directly supported by SAP ERP systems and hence the organization has identified a workaround for them. These workarounds must be judged by the process owners or subject matter experts who are having the visibility of the processes around the globe and know the impact of these workarounds. Testing strategy ERP systems have multiple modules like BOM (Bills of Material), Inventory, Purchasing, Order Management, Project, Account Payables and General Ledger and many more. Each module has various options and each module has to be configured before it is actually used. For example, in purchasing, suppliers, items, currency exchange has to be defined. Thus, It is very important that business users test the data before the production so that they may not face surprises during go live (Kumar Bala, 2013). Also, during the design phase, users and business team share their requirements and then system is configured according to their requirements. There can be issues of poor communication; difference in understanding of partner and user and thus it is possible that the actual process, which is configured in the system, is not what is required by the user. To ensure the minimal occurrences of such systems, it is very important that users should thoroughly test the system and asks partner team to m odify or reconfigure the system if the business requirements are not met (Kumar, Maheswari, kumar, 2003). Through multiple rounds of testing, team can ensure that their requirements are rightly designed and configured. Also, once users successfully tested the requirements, they should sign off and give their approval otherwise users can come back anytime saying their requirements is not fulfilled. Training strategy Training is very important in any project, as it will equip the people to use the new system confidently. Organization must understand the task of each end user and must ensure that every person is trained on new ERP systems. It is because end users often shows resistance for the changes because they feel that what will happen if they would not be able to learn new system (McAlary, 1999). Thus, it is very important to educate them and once they started feeling comfortable with the new system, their resistance will come down and acceptance level will rise. MIE also has a dedicated project phase called end user training in which all the users will be trained on the new system so that they will be no issues after Go live. There is a very famous example of Nike which faces a massive loss of 1 billion US dollars after the GO live of their ERP systems (Wong, Scarbrough, Chau, Davison, 2005). As a result of this, New ERP systems were rolled back and the legacy systems were restored. The re ason for this failure is that Nike was too aggressive for the go live that it didnt focus on the user trainings phase and when the system went live, end users do not know how to use the new system and other simple tasks like how to create purchase orders or book customer orders and so on. Go live strategy and Timing There can be multiple go live strategies like big bang approach, rollout by business unit, rollout by module or business process. Each approach has its own pros and cons. For example, In Big bang approach, all the business units worldwide will go live together and thus there is increased risk however return on investment is also quick. If there are not much changes in various business processes across geographies and business unit, then this approach can be suggested however it is quite a risky approach (Davis, 2005). In rollout by business unit, each business unit is go love successively and thus the weak points of 1 go live can be countered in another go live and so on. This is risk free but takes much time and cost. Apart from strategy, timing is also important. Take example of Hershey that receives maximum number of orders during the month of July and August for Christmas (Murray, Coffin, 2001). It decided to go live during the same time and this peak demand is not handled by al l the users across geographies because they were not trained to use systems quickly and efficiently. And hence Hershey decided to roll back its new systems. Thus, it is recommended that organizations should go live during the low season period. MIE has 2 phases Go live preparation and Go live and carefully planned all the key activities data migration, data reconciliation, live database initialization and so on. Overall, MIE had very smooth and successful go live and in just 10 days, complete transition has taken place. Effective Change Management strategy Change management is also very important and higher management and middle management should be totally committed else project will be a failure (Aslam, Coombs, Doherty, 2012). MIE considered all sorts of cultural problems and also devised a strategy to address the challenges. It has a separate change management committee and change management agent throughout the program. Change management committee had carve out the entire training plan for the users to limit the resistances and also restructure the organizations like breaking the traditional segregation of departments so as to unite the whole company and eliminate the working in silos structure. In case of French multination project in China, there was limited employee involvement and people do not consider themselves as part of this project due to poor communication (Mekawie Elragal, 2013). They had a feeling that this implementation is part of agenda of top management and it has nothing to do with them. Thus, unless management should change the attitude of the people, People will not cooperate and the project will be heading towards failure. Maintaining risk register MIE management has identified all the risks associated with the project and their likelihood of occurring and based on the impact of the risk, appropriate action is suggested. Not only this, based on various risks, Characteristics analysis method (CAM) is carried out by the management to suggest what are areas that have high exposure to risks and where project team should focus on. As part of this, project team is advised to focus on quality management, cost management, communication, scope, Integration and so on. Thus, Project team was prepared in advance in dealing with risks and this strategy has kind of empowered the project team. Conclusion With the above discussion it can be said that two people with same symptoms can consume the same medicine however the result of same medicine will be different on different medicine due to multiple other factors like lifestyle of individual, food habits and so on. Same is the case with ERP systems. Companies can decide to use the same ERP product however the value and benefits realized by each company is different due to lot of other factors. To conclude, this report discusses about the key factors that differentiate the return on investment in ERP projects by various companies and also lead to success or failure of ERP implementation project. Two case studies are also used to elaborate and analyze the case. Not only this, some of the things that may look unimportant have very important part in the overall value realization from EPR implementation process and must be dealt carefully. It is important that the organizations should learn from the successful implementation of the ERP. Th ere is a lot of learn from the failed cases also. The learning from the failed case would help the organizations to have certain measures of check in place. It is expected that the findings of this report would help the organizations to avoid the ERP failures that can happen. At the same time, it is suggested that the organizations must analyze their internal and external environment before making any decision towards ERP implementation. It is important to mention that every organization is unique in itself and the IT needs of every organization is different. Therefore, it is important that the organizations should have customized strategies to implement the ERP in their environment. This would ensure that the chances of failures are minimal and would ensure that organizations are able to get early benefits from ERP implementation. Reference Aldammas, A., and Al-Mudimigh, A. S. (2011). CRITICAL SUCCESS AND FAILURE FACTORS OF ERP IMPLEMENTATIONS: TWO CASES FROM KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA.Journal of Theoretical Applied Information Technology,28(2). Aslam, U., Coombs, C., and Doherty, N. (2012). Benefits realization from ERP systems: the role of customization.BENEFITS,5, 15-2012. Bala, M., Kumar, D., Rajan, P. (2013). Connecting the dots: Enterprise resource management with supply chain management.Asian Journal of Research in Business Economics and Management,3(2), 76-83. Beatty, R. C., and Williams, C. D. (2006). ERP II: best practices for successfully implementing an ERP upgrade.Communications of the ACM,49(3), 105-109. Boltena, A.S. and Gomez, J.M., 2012. A successful ERP implementation in an Ethiopian company: A case study of ERP implementation in Mesfine industrial engineering Pvt. Ltd.Procedia Technology,5, pp.40-49. Bernaert, M., Poels, G., Snoeck, M., De Backer, M. (2014). Enterprise architecture for small and medium-sized enterprises: a starting point for bringing EA to SMEs, based on adoption models. InInformation Systems for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises(pp. 67-96). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Chung, S. H., Ahmad, S. I., and Tang, H. L. (2015). Symptoms, causes and remedies for failures in enterprise systems implementation.International Journal of Business Information Systems,19(1), 103-118. Conteh, N. Y., and Akhtar, M. J. (2015). Implementation challenges of an enterprise system and its advantages over legacy systems.International Journal on Computer Science and Engineering,7(11), 120. Cereola, S. J., Wier, B., Norman, C. S. (2012). Impact of top management team on firm performance in small and medium-sized enterprises adopting commercial open-source enterprise resource planning.Behaviour Information Technology,31(9), 889-907. Davis, A. (2005). ERP Customization Impacts on Strategic Alignment and Systems Alignment.SAIS Proceedings of the Southern Association of IS (SAIS),45. Dittrich, Y., Vaucouleur, S., and Giff, S. (2009). ERP customization as software engineering: knowledge sharing and cooperation.IEEE software,26(6). Kumar, V., Maheshwari, B., and Kumar, U. (2003). An investigation of critical management issues in ERP implementation: emperical evidence from Canadian organizations.Technovation,23(10), 793-807. Light, B. (2001). The maintenance implications of the customization of ERP software.Journal of Software: Evolution and Process,13(6), 415-429. Malaurent, J. and Avison, D., 2015. From an apparent failure to a success story: ERP in ChinaPost implementation.International Journal of Information Management,35(5), pp.643-646. Mekawie, S., Elragal, A. (2013). ERP and SCM Integration: The Impact on Measuring Business Performance.International Journal of Enterprise Information Systems (IJEIS),9(2), 106-124. McAlary, S. (1999). Three pitfalls in ERP implementation.Strategy Leadership,27(6), 49. Murray, M., and Coffin, G. (2001). A case study analysis of factors for success in ERP system implementations.AMCIS 2001 Proceedings, 196. Powell, D., Riezebos, J., Strandhagen, J. O. (2013). Lean production and ERP systems in small-and medium-sized enterprises: ERP support for pull production.International Journal of Production Research,51(2), 395-409. Sar, A., and Garg, P. (2012). Analysis of critical failure factors in ERP implementation: an Indian experience.International Journal of Business Information Systems,11(3), 360-378. Soh, C., and Sia, S. K. (2004). An institutional perspective on sources of ERP packageorganisation misalignments.The Journal of Strategic Information Systems,13(4), 375-397. Su, Y. F., Yang, C. (2010). A structural equation model for analyzing the impact of ERP on SCM.Expert Systems with Applications,37(1), 456-469. Vieru, D. (2015). Towards a multi-dimensional model of digital competence in small and medium-sized enterprises. Wong, A., Scarbrough, H., Chau, P., Davison, R. (2005). Critical failure factors in ERP implementation.Pacis 2005 Proceedings, 40.